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- @190 CHAP ZZ
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │SPECIAL CAPITAL GAINS RELIEF FOR INVESTMENT IN │
- │ SMALL BUSINESS STOCK │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- While individual tax rates are now as high as 39.6% (actual-
- ly 3 to 4% higher in some cases, due to phase-outs of certain
- exemptions and itemized deductions), the capital gains rate
- remains at 28%, for long-term capital gains. This makes the
- gain on sale of a business, to the extent it is a capital
- gain, considerably more attractive than "ordinary income"
- that gets taxed at the higher individual rates.
-
- Even more attractive, under the Revenue Reconciliation Act
- of 1993, is the gain on certain "qualified small business
- stock" held for over five years. Unfortunately, such stock
- is "qualified" only if it was issued after August 10, 1993,
- so you won't be able to cash in on this tax incentive until
- sometime in 1998, at the earliest.
-
- Under this new tax incentive, 50% of the gain from the sale
- of an investment in certain small business stock can be ex-
- cluded from taxable income, if the stock meets certain re-
- quirements when it is issued and if it is held for at least
- five years. Thus, in effect, the capital gain on such small
- business stock would be taxed at only a 14% rate, theoretic-
- ally, if the capital gains tax rate is still at 28% five
- years from now. (We say THEORETICALLY 14%, because 75% of
- the total gain that is recognized is a "tax preference" item
- under the alternative minimum tax, which may cause that tax
- to apply, if it is greater than your "regular" income tax.
- Since the alternative minimum tax is computed at rates of
- 26% and 28%, you are likely to pay significantly more than
- a 14% rate if you have a large gain on "qualified small
- business stock.")
-
- A "qualified small business," for purposes of this tax bene-
- fit, must meet all of the following requirements:
-
- . It must be a "C" corporation (other than a DISC, a regu-
- lated investment company, real estate investment trust,
- or certain other kinds of special corporate entities).
-
- . It cannot be an "S" corporation.
-
- . At least 80% of the corporation's assets must be used
- in the active conduct of one or more trades or businesses
- other than investing, farming, oil and gas, mining, bank-
- ing, insurance, financing, operation of a hotel, motel or
- restaurant, or provision of services where the principal
- asset of the business is the reputation or skill of one
- or more employees (such as in a law or CPA firm). Cer-
- tain start-up, R & D and in-house research activities
- can qualify as "active conduct" of a business, as will
- assets used for working capital or temporary investments
- that are reasonably expected to be used in within two
- years to finance research and development activities.
-
- . As of the date the stock is issued, the corporation's
- gross assets (using adjusted tax basis, generally, for
- non-cash assets) must not exceed $50 million.
-
- . The stock must have been acquired directly from the
- corporation or through an underwriter, after August 10,
- 1993, in exchange for cash, services, or property other
- than stock.
-
- The amount of the gain that is eligible for the 50% exclusion
- is limited to an amount equal to $10 million or ten times the
- investor's basis (cost, usually) in the stock, whichever is
- greater.
-
- Note that such gain cannot be reduced by any capital losses
- from other investments, unlike regular capital gains.
-
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ TAX BREAK FOR "SPECIALIZED SMALL BUSINESS IN- │
- │ VESTMENT COMPANIES ("SSBIC's") │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- The 1993 Clinton tax package also provides for TAX-FREE
- rollovers of gains on the sale of publicly traded securi-
- ties, if the sales proceeds are used to buy common stock
- in a "specialized small business investment company," or
- SSBIC. Such a "rollover" must be made within 60 days after
- sale of the securities.
-
- This tax break applies both to individuals and C corpora-
- tions that roll over such gains, but not to S corporations,
- estates, trusts or partnerships.
-
- The maximum amount that can be rolled over in one tax year
- is limited to the LESSER of $50,000, or $500,000 minus the
- amount of such gains previously excluded, for individuals.
- For corporations, the limit is the lesser of $250,000 or
- $1 million reduced by such gains previously excluded.
-
- An SSBIC is a partnership or corporation licensed as such
- by the U.S. Small Business Administration. If you are in-
- terested in "rolling over" gains on publicly traded stocks
- or bonds into stock of an SSBIC, you can obtain from the
- Small Business Administration its Directory of Operating
- Small Business Investment Companies (October 1993 or later
- edition), which identifies 103 SSBICs in some 21 states,
- the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │To obtain the directory listing SSBICs, send │
- │ your name and address to: │
- │ │
- │ Associate Administrator for Investment │
- │ Small Business Administration │
- │ Washington, DC 20416 │
- │ │
- │Telephone: (202) 205-6510 FAX: (202) 205-6959│
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- Note that if you roll over gains into an SSBIC that is a C
- corporation, you not only avoid current tax, but may also
- qualify (when you later sell your stock in the SSBIC) for
- the 50% exclusion for "qualified small business stock" that
- is discussed above, if the SSBIC meets all the requirements.
-
- @CODE: CA
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │SPECIAL CAPITAL GAINS RELIEF FOR INVESTMENT IN │
- │ SMALL BUSINESS STOCK -- CALIFORNIA PROVISIONS │
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- California has enacted "small business stock" incentives
- similar to the federal incentives discussed above. It also
- applies to "qualified small business stock" (as defined for
- California tax purposes) issued after August 10, 1993, but
- such stock must also be issued before January 1, 1999. Like
- the federal provision, the new California law requires such
- stock to be held for more than five years, and 50% of the
- gain on such stock may be excluded from taxable income, with
- certain limits -- a taxpayer can only exclude (cumulatively)
- up to $10 million of gain ($5 million if married, filing
- separate) from a single issuing corporation or, if greater,
- an amount equal to 10 times the taxpayer's original tax
- basis in the stock.
-
- To qualify as "qualified small business stock," the stock
- must be issued for money, property other than stock, or as
- compensation for services (other than underwriting). The
- stock must be issued by a C corporation (not an S corpora-
- tion) that is not a:
-
- . DISC or former DISC;
-
- . Regulated investment company (RIC);
-
- . Real estate investment trust (REIT); or
-
- . Real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC).
-
- The issuing company must also meet several tests for its
- stock to qualify for the California tax incentive:
-
- . It must meet an "active business" test (except for
- SSBICs, which are described above under the section
- of federal incentives);
-
- . It must be in a "qualified trade or business," which
- does not include health, law, engineering, consulting
- financial services, insurance, financing, leasing
- investing (or other kinds of personal services, gen-
- erally), farming, oil and gas extraction, or hotel/
- motel or restaurant businesses;
-
- . The corporation's gross assets must not exceed $50
- million at any time after June 30, 1993 and before
- or immediately after the issue date; and
-
- . The business must have at least 80% of the dollar
- value of its total payroll attributable to employment
- in California.
-
- Only a non-corporate investor can claim the exclusion. How-
- ever, the stock can be owned by individuals, or by a pass-
- through entity such as a partnership or S corporation, that
- passes the eligible gain through to the individual owner
- (who must also have been an owner in the partnership or the
- S corporation when that entity bought the qualifying small
- business stock).
-
-